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Chinese Reading Practice HSK 1–6

78 graded passages with Pinyin, audio & quizzes

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Phrases by situation, with pinyin & audio

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Chinese Grammar: "particles" | HaoHSK

HSK Grammar/#particles

#particles

43 grammar points related to "particles", organised by HSK 3.0 and HSK 2.0 level.

HSK Grammar · HSK 3.022 grammar points

HSK 1 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

吗Yes/No question with 吗 (ma)Question particle for yes/no questions
的Structural particle 的 (de)Of / 's (possessive and attributive marker)
吧Modal particle 吧 (ba) for suggestions and guessesLet's... / How about... / ...right? (suggestion or supposition)

Related topics

aspect (了, 过, 着)
nouns
written style
questions
change of state
spoken Chinese
adverbs
suggestions & advice
exclamation

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呢Modal particle 呢 (ne) - And what about...?What about...? / Where is...?

了Particle 了 (le) for completion and change of stateAlready / completion of action or new situation

HSK 2 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

了Dynamic Aspect Particle 了 (le) – Indicating Completed ActionParticle after verb indicating completed action
了Modal Particle 了 (le) – Indicating Change of StateSentence-final particle indicating change of state
过Experiential Aspect Particle 过 (guo) – Indicating Past ExperienceParticle after verb indicating past experience
着Aspect Particle 着 (Ongoing State / Accompanying Action)Continuous static state, accompanying action

HSK 3 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

是…的Emphasis structure 是…的 (shì... de)It was [time/place/manner] that... (emphasizing details of a past event)
啊 / 呀 / 啦Sentence-final modal particles 啊 (a), 呀 (ya), and 啦 (la)Expressing emotion, friendliness, exclamation, or completion (了+啊)
…的 + 名词Complex attributive clauses with 的 (relative clauses)The [noun] that/who... (verb phrase or clause modifying a noun)
过Aspect particle 过 (guò) for past experienceHave [done something] before (past experience)
着Aspect particle 着 (zhe) for continuous stateContinuous state (-ing state) or accompanying manner (V1+着+V2)

HSK 4 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

地Adverbial Particle 地 (-ly / Manner Marker)Links an adjective or phrase as adverbial to a verb (-ly)

HSK 5 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

着Aspect Particle: 着 – Indicating Ongoing State or Accompanying MannerParticle marking a prolonged static state or an accompanying manner of action
来着Sentence-Final Particle 来着 (láizhe): Just now / What was it again...?Did [verb] recently; "...again?" (trying to recall)

HSK 6 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

结构助词「之」Literary Structural Particle: 之 (zhī)Of / 's (formal written equivalent of 的)
结构助词「所」Structural Particle: 所 (suǒ) in Formal WritingThat which / What is [V]-ed (nominalizer / formal modifier marker)
结构助词「者」Nominalizing Suffix/Particle: 者 (zhě) — One Who / That WhichPerson who / One that (turns V/Adj/phrase into a noun)

HSK 7-9 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

之Classical Particle: 之 (zhī) – Written Particle, Pronoun & Fixed FormulasClassical particle denoting concise modification/possession, object pronoun, or fixed idioms
列举结构「之类/等等/之流」Open-Ended Listing Markers: 之类 / 等等 / 之流Things like (之类 — neutral category) / Et cetera (等等) / Ilk, sort of people (之流 — derogatory)

HSK Grammar · HSK 2.021 grammar points

HSK 1 Grammar (HSK 2.0)

吗Interrogative Particle 吗 (ma)Yes/no question particle
呢Interrogative Particle 呢 (ne) - Location or Follow-up QueryWhat about / Where is...
在……呢The 在……呢 (zài...ne) Construction - Expressing Progressive ActionBe doing (in the process of / progressive aspect)
的Structural Particle 的 (de) - Indicating Possession and ModificationPossessive / Attributive particle ('s, of)
了 (cuối câu)Modal Particle 了 (le) at Sentence End - Indicating Change of State or New SituationModal particle 'le' (change of state / new situation)
Động từ + 了Aspect Particle 了 (le) after Verbs - Indicating Completed ActionAspect particle 'le' (completion of an action)
吧Modal Particle 吧 (ba) - Making Suggestions, Proposals, and Soft CommandsSuggestion / Consultation particle (let's..., right?)
啊Modal Particle 啊 (a) - Softening Tone and Expressing EmotionModal particle 'a' (softening tone / expressing emotion)

HSK 2 Grammar (HSK 2.0)

呢Modal particle 呢 (ne) - Affirmation(indicating affirmation)
着Aspect particle 着 (zhe) - Continuous stateDoing, currently (in a state of)
过Aspect particle 过 (guo) - Past experienceHave done
Cụm chữ 的Phrase with 的 (de) - Nominalized phrase

HSK 3 Grammar (HSK 2.0)

了Modal Particle 了: Indicating a New Situation or ChangePlaced at the end of a sentence to indicate that a new state has emerged or circumstances have changed.
着Accompanying Manner: V1 + 着 + (Object), V2V1 + 着 describes the manner, posture, or continuous background state while executing main action V2.

HSK 5 Grammar (HSK 2.0)

似的似的 (shìde) – as if, likeas if, like
般般 (bān) – like, -like (written)like, -like (written)
来来 (lái) – about, a little over; (一来……二来) firstly … secondlyabout, a little over; (一来……二来) firstly … secondly

HSK 6 Grammar (HSK 2.0)

着呢着呢 (zhene) – really quite …, very … indeedreally quite …, very … indeed
而已而已 (éryǐ) – that's all, merelythat's all, merely
不成不成 (bùchéng) – … or what? (rhetorical, “surely not …?”)… or what? (rhetorical, “surely not …?”)

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The one of...

Động từ làm định ngữ + 的Verb / Verb Phrase as Attributive with 的The [Noun] that [Verb]