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Chinese Reading Practice HSK 1–6

78 graded passages with Pinyin, audio & quizzes

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Phrases by situation, with pinyin & audio

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Chinese Grammar: "directional complements" | HaoHSK

HSK Grammar/#directional complements

#directional complements

22 grammar points related to "directional complements", organised by HSK 3.0 and HSK 2.0 level.

HSK Grammar · HSK 3.014 grammar points

HSK 1 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

来 / 去Directional verbs 来 (lái - come) and 去 (qù - go)To come (towards speaker) / To go (away from speaker)

HSK 2 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

起来Directional Complement 起来 (Upward / Inception / Evaluation)Upward motion, start of an action, evaluation (looks/sounds like)

HSK 3 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

Related topics

complements
result complements
verbs
把 sentences
tone & attitude
fixed structures
potential complements
degree complements

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出来

Directional Complement 出来 (chūlái) – Outward, RecognizingComplement indicating outward motion or discovery

起来Directional Complement 起来 (qǐlái) – Upward, Inchoative, AppraisalComplement indicating upward motion, beginning, or evaluation

下去Directional Complement 下去 (xiàqù) – Downward, ContinuingComplement indicating downward motion or continuation

动词 + 各类补语Overview of HSK 3 Complements (Result, Direction, Degree, Potential)Resultative, directional, degree/state, and potential complements

HSK 4 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

把 + O + V + 补语Advanced 把 (bǎ) Sentences with Result or Directional ComplementsDisposal construction with result/directional complements
复合趋向补语Compound Directional Complements (Metaphorical 起来, 下去, 出来)Metaphorical usages of compound directionals (onset, continuation, recognition)

HSK 5 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

起来Extended Directional Complement: 起来 – Inception, Evaluation & GatheringDirectional complement conveying extended meanings of inception, perspective, or gathering
下去/下来Extended Directional Complement: 下去 / 下来 – Continuation or Settling/PreservingPair of directional complements denoting continuation into the future (下去) versus settling, fixing, or calming down (下来)
出/出来Extended Directional Complement: 出 / 出来 – Discernment & CreationComplement denoting sensory recognition/discernment or creating something new from nothing
上Extended Directional Complement: 上 – Attaining Goals & Developing AttachmentComplement expressing closure/contact, achieving an objective, or forming emotional attachment

HSK 6 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

V + 起 / V + 起来Extended Directional Complements: V + 起 / V + 起来Bring up / Recall (V + 起 + O); Start to / When it comes to V-ing (V + 起来)

HSK 7-9 Grammar (HSK 3.0)

起来Figurative 起来: Sensory Evaluation, Retrospection & Discourse MarkersGrammaticalized directional complement marking evaluative viewpoint, recall, or discourse transition

HSK Grammar · HSK 2.08 grammar points

HSK 3 Grammar (HSK 2.0)

来 / 去Simple Directional Complement: V + 来 / 去Indicates the movement of an action towards (来) or away from (去) the speaker.
上来 / 下去Compound Directional ComplementCombines a directional verb (上, 下, 进, 出, 回, 过, 起) with 来/去 to describe the trajectory of movement.
把 + V + 补语Ba-Sentence Type 3: With Directional / Result ComplementsIndicates that the action causes the object to move in a specific direction or reach a clean/distinct state.
出来Extended Meanings of 出来 (chūlái): Recognition and Creation1. Recognition: identifying something via senses (recognize, discern). 2. Creation: bringing something new into existence (come up with, produce).
起来Extended Meanings of 起来 (qǐlái): Inception & Continuation / Recall1. Inception and continuation: an action starts and tends to continue (burst out laughing). 2. Recall: remembering something from the past (recall).

HSK 4 Grammar (HSK 2.0)

V + 起……来V + 起……来 (V + qǐ……lái) – bring up …; start to …bring up …; start to …
起来起来 (qǐlái) – (when) doing …, it seems; gather up; start(when) doing …, it seems; gather up; start

HSK 5 Grammar (HSK 2.0)

起来起来 (qǐlái) – (complement) gather; start; recall; seem when…(complement) gather; start; recall; seem when…

aspect (了, 过, 着)

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