动词 + 各类补语dòngcí + gèlèi bǔyǔ

Overview of HSK 3 Complements (Result, Direction, Degree, Potential)

Meaning: Resultative, directional, degree/state, and potential complements

Pattern

Complements (补语) are one of the most distinctive features of Chinese grammar.
At HSK 3, make sure you can clearly distinguish the four major types:
1.
RESULTATIVE COMPLEMENT (结果补语: Verb + Result): states the actual outcome of an action — e.g., 吃完 (finish eating), 看完 (finish watching), 听懂 (understand by listening), 写错 (write wrongly), 做好 (do properly).
Negate with 没.

1
我吃完饭,看完了电影,就回家了。
Wǒ chī wán fàn, kàn wán le diànyǐng, jiù huí jiā le.
After I finished eating my meal and finished watching the movie, I went home.
2
他跑得很快,我跑不过他。
Tā pǎo de hěn kuài, wǒ pǎo bú guò tā.
He runs very fast; I cannot outrun him.
3
请站起来,把书拿出来。
Qǐng zhàn qǐlái, bǎ shū ná chūlái.
Please stand up and take out your books.

•Distinguish the 4 main types: resultative, directional, degree (V+得+Adj), and potential (V+得/不+...).

⚠️ Common Mistakes:

•Confusing 得 in degree complements (跑得很快 - how fast one runs) with 得 in potential complements (跑得快 - able to run fast).

•Omitting the complement after the verb in 把/被 sentences (which require a complement or other post-verbal element).

Combine Vocabulary, Grammar, Reading Practice, Listening, Hanzi Writing, and Mock Exams at HSK 3 to master all skills together.