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Meaning: 1. 刚 is an adverb (after subject, before verb); 刚才 is a time noun (before or after subject). 2. 才 indicates lateness/difficulty; 就 indicates earliness/promptness.
我刚到北京，刚才给你打电话的是我朋友。
Wǒ gāng dào Běijīng, gāngcái gěi nǐ dǎ diànhuà de shì wǒ péngyou.
I just arrived in Beijing; the person who called you just now was my friend.
他八点就来了，我九点才来。
Tā bā diǎn jiù lái le, wǒ jiǔ diǎn cái lái.
He arrived as early as eight o'clock, but I didn't arrive until nine.
刚 can refer to a subjective recent time (months ago). 刚才 strictly means moments ago (minutes ago).
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