市场换技术

(市場換技術)shì chǎng huàn jì shù

market access in return for technology transfer (PRC policy since the 1980s which gives foreign companies access to China's domestic market in exchange for sharing their intellectual property, characterized by the US in the 2019 trade war as "forced technology transfer")

Belum ada arti bahasa Indonesia – arti bahasa Inggris

HaoHSK Flashcards & Audio

Simpan kata ini ke Flashcard Pintar

Kuasai kosakata dengan Spaced Repetition (SRS), audio penutur asli, dan latihan memori aktif di HaoHSK.

Aplikasi mobile segera hadir di Google Play & App Store

Latihan Kosakata di Web Sekarang

Direktori Lengkap Belajar Bahasa Mandarin & Persiapan HSK

Jelajahi seluruh materi belajar bahasa Mandarin dari dasar hingga mahir: Mendengar, Membaca, Kosakata, Tata Bahasa, Hanzi, dan Ujian HSK.

📖Latihan Membaca & Mendengar Mandarin

📘Kosakata Bahasa Mandarin HSK & Tematik

Kosakata HSK 3.0 (9 Level):

HSK 3.0 · HSK 1 HSK 3.0 · HSK 2 HSK 3.0 · HSK 3 HSK 3.0 · HSK 4 HSK 3.0 · HSK 5 HSK 3.0 · HSK 6 HSK 3.0 · HSK 7–9

Kosakata HSK 2.0 (6 Level):

HSK 2.0 · HSK 1 HSK 2.0 · HSK 2 HSK 2.0 · HSK 3 HSK 2.0 · HSK 4 HSK 2.0 · HSK 5 HSK 2.0 · HSK 6

Kosakata Bahasa Mandarin Berdasarkan Topik →Kamus Bahasa Mandarin (Cari Hanzi & Pinyin) →

📐Tata Bahasa Mandarin HSK 3.0 & HSK 2.0

Panduan Lengkap Tata Bahasa Mandarin HSK 1–9 →

Tata Bahasa HSK 3.0:

HSK 3.0 · HSK 1 HSK 3.0 · HSK 2 HSK 3.0 · HSK 3 HSK 3.0 · HSK 4 HSK 3.0 · HSK 5 HSK 3.0 · HSK 6 HSK 3.0 · HSK 7–9

Tata Bahasa HSK 2.0:

HSK 1 (2.0)HSK 2 (2.0)HSK 3 (2.0)HSK 4 (2.0)HSK 5 (2.0)HSK 6 (2.0)

✍️Karakter Hanzi, Radikal & Ujian HSK