Directional complement '下来' indicates that an action or state started in the past and has persisted until the present or a specific reference point. E.g., 坚持下来 (kept it up till now), 保存下来 (preserved).
Directional complement '下去' indicates that an ongoing or upcoming action will continue into the future. E.g., 坚持下去 (keep going), 学下去 (continue studying).
Colloquial construction expressing an extreme degree ('You have no idea how...', 'Words cannot describe how...'). Followed by adjectives like happy, miserable, or worried.
1. Must, have to (indispensable condition: 'To improve listening, one must listen more'); 2. Firm determination ('I simply must eat Chinese food today'); 3. Inevitable negative outcome ('Dressed so lightly, you will surely catch a cold').
Means 'cannot go so far as to' or 'unlikely to reach such an extreme'. Often used negatively as '不至于' or rhetorically as '至于吗？' (Is it really necessary to go that far?).
Adverb used in imperative sentences to strongly emphasize an earnest exhortation or warning. '千万别' (never, under no circumstances); '千万要' (be absolutely sure to).
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