A time-measure complement indicates the duration of an action or state. Adding another '了' at sentence end indicates the action has lasted that long and is still ongoing.
When a verb has an object, either repeat the verb after the object or place the duration between the verb and object with '的'.
'就' emphasizes that an action occurs early, quickly, or smoothly. '才' emphasizes that it occurs late, slowly, or with difficulty.
A correlative conjunction expressing transition/concession (although... yet/but...). '虽然' can precede or follow the subject, while '但是' always heads the second clause.
Expresses cause and effect (because... therefore...). In colloquial Chinese, one of the two conjunctions can sometimes be omitted.
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