HSK 3 • Lesson 6做客
HSK 3 • 基础篇Lesson 6 / 25

做客

Zuòkè
Being a Guest
Pattern 1

早就……(了)

Meaning:Long ago / Well in advance (Emphasizing past occurrence)

The adverb '早' (often '早就' or '早已') stresses that an action or awareness happened long before the moment of speaking, giving the impression it was known or prepared in advance.

Examples
早就听黄勇说你要来。
Zǎojiù tīng Huáng Yǒng shuō nǐ yào lái.
I've long heard Huang Yong mention that you were coming.
这件事我们早知道了。
Zhè jiàn shì wǒmen zǎo zhīdào le.
We knew about this long ago.
他早就不在这儿住了。
Tā zǎojiù bù zài zhèr zhù le.
He moved away from here a long time ago.
东西早已准备好了,他一来咱们就走。
Dōngxi zǎoyǐ zhǔnbèi hǎo le, tā yì lái zánmen jiù zǒu.
Everything has long been prepared; the moment he arrives we will depart.
Pattern 2

动词/形容词 + 什么(呀)

Meaning:Rhetorical Negation: No need to / Why bother

'什么' (or '什么呀') after a verb or adjective in an exclamation gives a gentle negation or polite objection, meaning 'no need to...' or 'what's there to...'. Very common when a guest brings a gift or is being overly polite.

Examples
带什么东西呀!你真是太客气了。
Dài shénme dōngxi ya! Nǐ zhēn shì tài kèqi le.
Why bring anything at all! You are really too polite.
大家都是朋友,你客气什么呀。
Dàjiā dōu shì péngyou, nǐ kèqi shénme ya.
We are all friends, why be so formal?
急什么呀,再坐会儿,吃点儿水果。
Jí shénme ya, zài zuò huìr, chī diǎnr shuǐguǒ.
What's the rush! Sit a bit longer and have some fruit.
你才100斤,胖什么呀;我才胖呢。
Nǐ cái yībǎi jīn, pàng shénme ya; wǒ cái pàng ne.
You're only 50 kilos, how can you call that fat? I'm the truly chubby one.
Pattern 3

如果……,(那么/就)……

Meaning:Hypothetical Condition: If..., then...

'如果' in the first clause introduces a hypothesis more formally and politely than '要是'; the second clause often uses '就' or '那么' for the result, a suggestion or an invitation.

Examples
如果你有空儿,欢迎再来。
Rúguǒ nǐ yǒu kòngr, huānyíng zài lái.
If you have free time, you are welcome to visit again.
如果下雨,咱们就不去香山了。
Rúguǒ xiàyǔ, zánmen jiù bú qù Xiāngshān le.
If it rains, we won't go to Fragrant Hills.
如果你打算去朋友家做客,应该了解怎么称呼家人。
Rúguǒ nǐ dǎsuàn qù péngyou jiā zuòkè, yīnggāi liǎojiě zěnme chēnghu jiārén.
If you plan to visit a friend's house, you should know how to address the family members.
Pattern 4

其实……

Meaning:In fact / Actually (Clarifying reality)

'其实' indicates the real situation, often correcting an assumption, easing worries or giving the listener accurate information.

Examples
其实,去中国人家里做客,没什么特别的规矩。
Qíshí, qù Zhōngguórén jiālǐ zuòkè, méi shénme tèbié de guīju.
Actually, visiting a Chinese home doesn't involve any peculiar rules.
大家都以为他很严肃,其实他人很随和。
Dàjiā dōu yǐwéi tā hěn yánsù, qíshí tā rén hěn suíhé.
Everyone assumed he was very stern, but in fact he is very easygoing.
Pattern 5

没什么 + 名词

Meaning:Not any particular / Nothing much (Indefinite Negation)

Here '什么' refers to something unspecified. '没什么 + N' means there's nothing much or nothing special.

Examples
去朋友家里做客,没什么特别的规矩。
Qù péngyou jiālǐ zuòkè, méi shénme tèbié de guīju.
Visiting a friend's house has no special rules.
最近学习挺顺利的,没有什么新鲜事。
Zuìjìn xuéxí tǐng shùnlì de, méiyǒu shénme xīnxian shì.
Studies have been going smoothly lately, nothing particularly new.
Pattern 6

显得 + 形容词 / 动宾短语

Meaning:Appear / Seem to be (Manifesting a quality or state)

The verb '显得' means that a person or thing clearly gives off a certain outward state or impression.

Examples
如果你又很有礼貌,又显得像回到自己家一样随便,主人一定会很高兴。
Rúguǒ nǐ yòu hěn yǒu lǐmào, yòu xiǎnde xiàng huídào zìjǐ jiā yíyàng suíbiàn, zhǔrén yídìng huì hěn gāoxìng.
If you are polite yet appear as relaxed as if you were in your own home, the host will certainly be delighted.
老董穿上这件新大衣,显得比以前精神多了。
Lǎo Dǒng chuānshang zhè jiàn xīn dàyī, xiǎnde bǐ yǐqián jīngshen duō le.
Wearing this new coat, Lao Dong looks much more energetic than before.
Pattern 7

按照……习惯/规定

Meaning:According to / Following customs or rules

The preposition '按照' means 'according to, in line with, on the basis of'. Very often used to describe customs or rules of etiquette.

Examples
按照中国人的习惯,对朋友的父母可以叫叔叔、阿姨或伯父、伯母。
Ànzhào Zhōngguórén de xíguàn, duì péngyou de fùmǔ kěyǐ jiào shūshu, āyí huò bófù, bómǔ.
According to Chinese custom, you can address your friend's parents as Shushu, Ayi or Bofu, Bomu.
按照学校的规定,留学生不能在宿舍里喝酒。
Ànzhào xuéxiào de guīdìng, liúxuéshēng bù néng zài sùshè lǐ hējiǔ.
According to university regulations, international students are not allowed to drink alcohol in the dormitories.